Online multiplayer games are shifting towards blockchain

Online multiplayer games are shifting towards blockchain

As complex and beautifully designed games are, the only part of the entire experience which is truly owned by the gamer is the feeling of achievement. That is as close as gamers ever get to really “owning” anything in the computerized world.

Online games offer avatars for sale, which gamers purchase from a computerized store as a symbol of their entity within the game and then spend hours on end to customize it, to enhance the feeling that it belongs to you, and yet it doesn’t. It can disappear in an instant. An instant in which the entertainment platform and its servers can be shut down. No warning and no explanations.

But good news strike on the horizon of online gaming. The innovation of blockchain technology can change all of that. Using decentralized systems and non-fungible tokens, or NFTs—like the ERC-721-consistent tokens previously made by Aphorism Zen’s CryptoKitties—players can make characters, vehicles, weapons, and other advanced signs that they claim forever, not simply the timeframe of realistic usability of a diversion.

The innovation can be the entryway for a player’s individualized and tokenized manifestations to move consistently on multiple online blockchains.

The potential is huge, and it’s the reason many trust the expanding blockchain gaming industry could deliver the slippery “killer app” that at last conveys this innovation to the majority.

But is the market prepared for such an extreme move in digitized gaming resources? A consortium of eight of the leading enterprises in this space, including Ubisoft,  considers so. Also, their vision for the eventual fate of gaming and the $140 billion computer game industry has the help of a developing number of gamers and diversion engineers alike.

Ubisoft’s Blockchain Initiative Manager Nicolas Pouard believes the goal of this alliance is to rally stakeholders from both the blockchain and gaming industries and work together to develop solutions for the challenges that await these converging fields, according to Ubisoft’s Blockchain Initiative Manager Nicolas Pouard.

And it’s that last piece of the puzzle—the potential for a breakthrough smash hit on the level of an “Assassin’s Creed” franchise—that fuels the vision for gaming as blockchain’s bridge to the mainstream.

“Gaming will allow people to familiarize themselves with blockchain in an interactive environment, which is the first step to mass adoption,”

Nicolas Gilot, a founding member of the Alliance and co-CEO of Ultra—a blockchain-based “next-generation games distribution platform.”

True Ownership

The ownership in the digital world has its complexities. Let’s take iTunes for example. You can buy a song on iTunes, for example, but it isn’t really yours. There are limits to what you can do with that digital file—and you certainly can’t resell it.

Nowadays, in most cases, players that are done with a game in which they invested a lot are not able to pull any value out of the items or achievements they collected with much efforts.

Blockchain’s value proposition for gaming strongly relies on what we call ‘true ownership,’

Ubisoft’s Blockchain Initiative Manager Nicolas Pouard

This also applies to game platforms. Gaming assets are similarly restricted. In conventional games, servers store all the things that players buy.

“If you stop playing, lose your account, or experience technical issues, you lose those digital goods,”

Manon Burgel, B2Expand CEO

As explained in the blockchain games vs crypto games article, the in-game items are tied to the server of the platform, not to the real-life user of the account. Some even specify in the EULA (End User Licence Agreement that players are not allowed to sell or gift items to others.

The perceived unfairness of this among gamers is what’s driving the desire for blockchain to flip it on its head.

“A game that runs completely on the blockchain is an example of a decentralized platform that could be owned by everyone.”

Dan Biton, founder of Gimli

Worldwide Asset eXchange (WAX), a blockchain e-commerce platform for digital assets, released a survey of 1,000 gamers and 500 game developers in the U.S. that shows solid support for the “true ownership” of in-game assets.

The survey states that 68% of the gamers trust they have the right to “truly own” the things they purchase. In addition, 62% would be bound to spend fiat on virtual assets if they could transfer those assets in between games, and near 75% of gamers said they would enjoy to sell or exchange in-game assets regardless of the type of the game.

What’s more, 86% of the game developers believe that in-game assets are on their way to becoming strategic components of future games, and more than 66% agree that the publisher of the game suppresses the advantages of these assets.

By tokenizing these assets, players can choose for themselves how to manage them: give them away, exchange them, or even offer them. It empowers a “digital second-hand market,” Burgel clarifies, and “its decentralized nature ensures that games and items are not held by one company but by the network.”

Of course, this sounds extraordinary for gamers, but publishers must figure out how to profit from this game model.

Nowadays, blockchain’s involvement in gaming is limited to the tokenization of digital assets. Furthermore, given the administrative atmosphere in the Unified States with respect to tokenized resources, this convolutes matters for an expansive, traded on an open market organization like Ubisoft.

Ultra’s CEO demands, in any case, that he sees “no issues with tokenized assets” from a lawful point of view, while organizations cling to set appropriate administrative rules. “The goal of regulatory bodies such as the SEC is to protect the public from being subject to scams,” he says. “The blockchain and crypto industry is continuously evolving, therefore it is important to keep up-to-date with the latest regulatory decisions to avoid slowing down innovation.”

Gilot additionally takes note of that the tokenized assets that will be exchanged on Ultra and all through the blockchain-gaming space. NFTs do not fall under the same rules as tokens sold during an ICO or STO (Security Token Offering), which may incorporate investment contracts and are subject to securities laws and guidelines. In the meantime, an advanced gaming asset, Gilot says, essentially “guarantees ownership, as well as proves the scarcity of an item is created through a publicly available smart contract.”

NFTs, as it were, are computerized portrayals of unique items, which are different from the collectable exchangeable cards of yesteryear. Those collectables work as a tokenized “proof of purchase” for the proprietor. They are the reason for most by far of blockchain-put together computer games at present with respect to the market, for example, Everdreamsoft’s “Spells of Genesis”— a game of collectable card, arcade-fight style game that makes a case for being the first blockchain-based mobile game.

“Spells of Genesis” was launched in April 2017, seven months before CryptoKittis were released on Ethereum. CryptoKitties and its non-fungible cats broadly smashed the Ethereum network in December 2017. CryptoKitties stay in charge of the absolute most costly NFT-based, gaming collectables ever sold—some surpassing the six-figure mark.

When will a major publisher release its first blockchain-based title?

In July 2018, the upstart blockchain gaming protocol MagnaChain announced its partnership with Epic Games, the maker of “Fortnite,” spurring rumours of an inescapable “Fortnite on the blockchain.”  However, MagnaChain hasn’t commented on any details regarding the process.

For Ubisoft, Pouard from Ubisoft is still at a “test-and-learn” stage regarding the blockchain technology, mainly because of their financial obligation to its investors. “True ownership” is an extremely new business model and many tests are still needed to conclude if this is “something publishers can handle long term.”

Burgel’s B2Expand started paying more attention to this use case, having discharged its first game Beyond the Void on Steam. Beyond the Void uses the Ethereum blockchain for its “economic backbone” enabling players to purchase, sell, and exchange “cosmetic in-game items” for the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena and Real-Time Strategy mashup utilizing B2Expand’s local Nexium (NXC) token. Burgel says Beyond the Void would have explored the blockchain technology within the core gameplay if it wasn’t for the early release of the project.

About “true ownership” and the trade made around the exchanging of NFTs, Burgel states that: “the gaming industry has yet to find the right business models fitting these opportunities.” Nevertheless, distributors could, at last, discover an incentive in tools that enable gaming networks to “organically grow and feel involved,” for example, by encouraging the creation and dissemination of user-generated content. That is just “one of many possibilities,” Burgel says, and “many companies are already exploring new ideas.”

Dan Biton, a co-founder of the Gimli platform and a Blockchain Game Alliance board member, says we have to think past the present video-game scene to imagine what these conceivable outcomes may lead to. “A game that runs completely on the blockchain is an example of a decentralized platform that could be owned by everyone, and we could think of something where every player has its share in a voting system to make the game rules evolve,” he says. The game’s logic “or even the game itself” could change as indicated by the wants of its players “in a completely decentralized way.”

It’s a new and unique gaming perspective and one which Ubisoft is now putting its assets and target industry into an investigation. Ubisoft’s Strategic Innovation Lab is an inner research organization gave to analyzing future industry patterns and they are already looking far ahead from the “crypto collectable” use case of the blockchain which is found today in the market.

In recent months, the lab has gone through the process of developing a Minecraft-inspired model, a treasure-chasing and island-investigation game called HashCraft. The game doesn’t utilize NFTs. Indeed, it doesn’t have much to do with tokens. But it joins blockchain and pushes the limits of what was recently thought conceivable in gaming, situating publishers like Ubisoft as basically the makers of the “fantasy”, which are the characters and storylines of the game, and the players as the developers of “experiences” they genuinely possess.

It takes courage to embrace this new trend and Ubisoft is still in its infancy in this journey. “There is still plenty that we need to discover, which can’t be done without continuing our exploration or collaboration within the ecosystem,” says Pouard. Furthermore, cooperation is decisively what the Blockchain Game Alliance looks for. The alliance of game publishers are in the procedure now of formalizing a formal administrative structure for their association. Says Pouard: “This is just the beginning of the adventure.”

Hurdles remain, but much of the promise that this technology brings rests in its ability to redefine antiquated notions of digital rights in a rapidly changing world. We take this as good news, thinking that crypto and decentralized technologies are still in their infancy.

Blockchain Games vs Crypto Games: What is the difference?

Blockchain Games vs Crypto Games: What is the difference?

Blockchain games are surely the future. The main issue is that people today do not understand how this works, perhaps due to the lack of education. Most of the time they believe almost everything they hear or read online. But still, money is made this way, and many startups profit big time from this lack of knowledge.

Note that blockchain technology can be applied to a vast number of industries, not only used in the economic sector for currency transactions. Comparing Blockchain games vs crypto games will hopefully give you a better insight.

Unfortunately, there is a HUGE lack of information and confusion about the difference between blockchain games and crypto games.

Blockchain Games vs Crypto Games: What is a Crypto Game?

The most frequent use for blockchain tech in games so far has been to store your items on the blockchain, tying them to your (Ethereum) wallet and making them permanently your own. Another term for this process is tokenization.

In contrast, in “classic” games, any items that you supposedly own in-game are in fact stored on the game publisher’s servers, as is your whole account. There are many ways for you to lose possession of your assets in this case – server malfunction (failure or attack), halted game development, banned account, etc.

The first generation of blockchain games are actually crypto games or tokenized games. They were solely based on this principle and they focused on collecting unique assets and trading them, for fun, profit, or both. CryptoKitties was the game that started this trend and they’re still quite popular.

The main difference between the two is that a blockchain game has every process in the game recorded on the blockchain as a transaction. No one can change, delete or influence the result of a game, whereas a crypto game has only a token used within the game. 

Even more, crypto games don’t even use their own blockchain. Most, if not all of them, use the Ethereum platform, which requires you to buy another token just to trade the token of the game (Gas on Ethereum).

It’s needless to add that if only 10% of the games which use the Ethereum platform would start trading at once, the network would crash. Therefore, a blockchain game would ideally be a game which uses its own blockchain. Joseph Lubin, the co-founder of Ethereum, acknowledged onstage at Ethereal Tel Aviv 2019 that the network, in its original form, wasn’t built for mass adoption: “We knew it wasn’t going to be scalable for sure,”.

To add to the confusion of this type of games, some projects claim they are developing their blockchain so that others can use it to develop blockchain games. None that we know of, yet.

CryptoKitties has collectable and unique cat cards, which are in fact tokens you can exchange, but the entire game is based on Ethereum. Also, the game is not a blockchain game, only the tokens are on the blockchain. But yes, the tokens/collectable cards can be traded and the prices are in ETH, which can indeed be transferred to a cryptocurrency exchange and be traded for another crypto or fiat.

What is the essence of blockchain games?

Just ask yourself who controls or can check the back processes of those games, and how it is decided who scores more or who gets a better crypto kitty? A blockchain-powered game has all of these processes stored on the blockchain, easy to asses and transparent for all who want to verify it.

The many blockchain game names found on Google, have merely a whitepaper, for a future project, but none of them is functional. The market also exploded after the overnight success of CryptoKitties which was at its best a well-developed marketing plan. CryptoPuppies falls into this category as well as other not-so-famous variations of collectable crypto animals. The developers just stopped replying to their early enthusiasts. And this is not a singular case.

Let’s talk about crypto casinos.

Many believe that gambling and crypto put together in the same sentence give the blockchain technology a bad name. As you can see, there are many ways to utilize blockchain, but most developers seem to be in it for the short run, for the quick win. Ethereum platform has become their home and the network is invaded. Even the developers of Ethereum aren’t happy with this, as another short success of such a game would compromise the network.

Fortunately, crypto enthusiasts now know how to better research a project before investing in it. Just try to remember 2017, when ICOs weren’t regulated and nobody understood what they were, but people were just throwing money at anyone with a whitepaper.

Blockchain Games vs Crypto Games: What is a Blockchain game?

Blockchain games are any games that include blockchain technology in its backend or in its mechanics in general.

Blockchain, by definition, is a public and transparent distributed data ledger. It gives the developers and the users the chance to check and verify every transaction ever made, not leaving any place for interpretation or data manipulation. The blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data.

Nowadays, the blockchain stores not just cryptocurrency and tokens, but also in-game assets and progress. But most processes of the games, remain as they were: clueless of the blockchain technology and nowhere near it.

However, there is hope, as the market is barely starting to understand and embrace this new technology. At the moment there is exactly one cryptocurrency project with the blockchain technology to build a blockchain game, not just for the cryptocurrency inside the game, but for everything that the game implies.

This project which stands out, as a true blockchain game, is one in which not only the cryptocurrency used to develop its in-game economy is stored on the blockchain, but the entire game uses the blockchain technology. FootballCoin is a fantasy football blockchain game. It will probably become known at least for being the first project of its kind.

FootballCoin is the first and so far, the only blockchain game on the market. The rest of them just spend money they don’t have on marketing.

Gaming is evolving and as in any other field, gaming can and probably will adopt the blockchain technology the right way, not just for tokens.

January 2019: Cryptocurrency Review

January 2019: Cryptocurrency Review

Goodbye 2018, Hello 2019

What happened to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in January 2019? How did the crypto market perform and what other cryptocurrency news should you look after? Find out some of the cryptocurrency highlights of January 2019.

This is the chart for Bitcoin for January 2019.

bitcoin january 2019 review

The new year started slowly for the crypto market, as it was bouncing between a high of $135.4B and low of around $125B. The first week ended with a market cap of $129B – slightly under a 6% weekly gain.

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/4/2019)

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/4/2019)The second week of January left us with a drop in the crypto market, with a $123.2B market cap, a 4.5% drop on the week. Most of the top cryptocurrencies saw red during this week as well, with the exception of Tron (TRX) which actually grew 23.71%.

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/11/19)

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/11/19)A rather uneventful week was the third week of the year. The total market cap was at around $122B.  Most individual cryptocurrencies stayed within single-digit gains and losses. A few exceptions were Augur (56.85%), Chainlink (20.45%), and TenX (78.94%).

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/18/19)

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/18/19)

The fourth week started on a positive note but ended up being a disappointment for cryptocurrency prices. The cryptocurrency market cap dropped about 1.6% and currently sits at $120 billion. The only coins showing any double-digit movement were Waves (12.99%), Holo (76.98%), and Factom (14.59%) among a few others.

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/25/19)

Cryptocurrency Market Stats (1/25/19)

Cryptocurrency and Blockchain News

31st December 2018 

The online retailer Overstock announced it would pay a part of its Ohio state business tax using Bitcoin.

The state will charge a 1% fee on payments made with Bitcoin, which is less than the 2.5% service fee on credit card payments.

7th January 2019

Some northern Nevada areas are utilizing blockchain to store computerized version of government records like birth and marriage certificates.

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) published a proposal for using blockchain for air traffic data. They describe it as “an open source permissioned blockchain framework to enable aircraft privacy and anonymity while providing a secure and efficient method for communication with Air Traffic Services, Operations Support, or other authorized entities.”

8th January 2019

Nick Szabo, one of Bitcoin’s earliest developers, spoke at the Israeli Bitcoin Summit. During his presentation, he made a bold claim, “There’s going to be some situations where a central bank can’t trust a foreign central bank or government with their bonds…a more trust minimized solution is cryptocurrency.”

10th January 2019

Darren Soto, blockchain’s biggest fan on Capitol Hill, told Cheddar.com this week that the SEC shouldn’t have jurisdiction over most cryptocurrencies. He stated that “securities laws can be very intense”, which inhibits the growth of blockchain technology.

15th January 2019

The state of Wyoming proposed a bill to legalize the tokenization of stock certificates for corporations. Beyond stock issuance, the bill would make voting via blockchain legally binding as well.

Blockchain companies are beginning to notice too. IOHK, the development company behind Cardano, has announced plans to relocate from Hong Kong to Wyoming.

16th January 2019

Exchange owners reacted to Cryptopia’s recent hack. Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ) outlined the risks of storing funds yourself, encouraging users to only store coins on reputable exchanges or, even better, decentralized exchanges (DEXs).

17th January 2019

Professors from MIT, Stanford, and Berkeley will attempt to create a new cryptocurrency with faster transaction speeds and the same core decentralization principles of crypto. The new crypto, Unit-e, will allegedly process up to 10,000 transactions per second utilizing a new form of sharding.

Unit-e is the first project under Distributed Technology Research, a non-profit for creating decentralized tech and backed by investors such as Pantera Capital.

18th January 2019

The Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (DoBS) talked about the classification of cryptocurrencies: “only fiat currency, or currency issued by the United States government, is ‘money’ in Pennsylvania.” This classification means that cryptocurrency exchanges and kiosks like Bitcoin ATMs are not required to get Money Transmitter Licenses (MTLs).

According to the DoBS, to require an MTL, “fiat currency must be transferred with or on behalf of an individual to a 3rd party, and the money transmitter must charge a fee for the transmission.” As crypto entities exchange fiat for crypto directly, they do not qualify. This is great news for cryptocurrency businesses, but they still have to follow the stricter rules of the federal government and other states in which they wish to operate.

22nd January 2019

CNBC hosted a panel in Davos, Switzerland. Here are some memorable quotes regarding Bitcoin, cryptocurrency, and blockchain technology from the discussions:

Jeff Schumacher (Founder, BCG Digital Ventures): “I do believe [bitcoin] will go to zero. I think it’s a great technology but I don’t believe it’s a currency. It’s not based on anything.”

Glen Hutchins (Chairman, North Island): “The way to think about the value of the tokens is as a derivative of the use value of the protocols they enable.”

Brad Garlinghouse (CEO, Ripple): “The long-term value of any digital asset is derived from the utility it delivers.”

Edith Yeung (Partner, 500 Startups): “I think it’s a really good thing that now the crypto secondary market has, in some way, fizzled out because the people who are here now building are the ones that really believe in the technology.”

 

What is an asset-backed cryptocurrency?

What is an asset-backed cryptocurrency?

Would the world benefit from an asset-backed cryptocurrency? YES! So how does an asset-backed cryptocurrency works?

Since Bitcoin introduced the idea of digital forms of money to a massive audience, the characterizing topic of basically all crypto tokens has been their extraordinary instability. But soon all that can change for the asset-backed cryptocurrency and asset-backed tokens (ABT).

The world is loaded up with resources, including land, stocks, gold, oil, among numerous others. The vast majority of these benefits are not actually transferable or sub-dividable physically. A change to a computerized framework along the lines of blockchain presents a suitable answer for these issues, subsequently the developing enthusiasm for asset-backed cryptocurrency.

What is an asset-backed cryptocurrency?

An asset-backed cryptocurrency or token is a cryptocurrency that utilizes a physical asset, such as real estate, for investment and revenue purposes.

They are considered to be the most reliable because the revenue system is backed by a physical asset which can be seen and accessed and therefore, it is easier to trust. Some analysts consider asset-backed cryptocurrency to be the next steps in the growth of cryptocurrencies.

There exist numerous digital currencies on top of the blockchain. The currencies (or tokens) can be used to transfer ownership of assets or objects outside the blockchain. This, in essence, is the tokenization of real assets.

Is an asset-backed token possible?

Land, gold, fiat money or oil are all examples of resources that could support and be part of the development of crypto tokens and possibly asset-backed cryptocurrency.

Being connected to a physical resource gives something extra and can influence how that asset-backed cryptocurrency is being transacted. Since most resource sponsored coins are attached to outer markets on which those benefits are exchanged.

Let’s take, for example, precious stones or silver. If the awareness of the token grows, at that point financial specialists will exploit the disparity and money out the physical resource.

Exactly how the basic resource of the token is overseen and secured in this procedure it will keep on being of fundamental significance. Institutional and standard financial specialists will be attracted to those coins upheld by systematised activities for managing and stripping resources.

Read more on Mainstream cryptocurrency adoption

Challenges of tokenization and ABT

While the tokenization and asset-backed tokens of genuine resources come with a guarantee, there are some challenges to overcome. Financial motivation help solve some of these challenges, and organizations and governments take part in the goal of creating a strong foundation in this field. Here are some of the issues:

  • Regulatory vacuum — The fields of cryptocurrency, tokenization and asset-backed cryptocurrency
    are not well regulated. As such, they introduce certain risks to qualified investors and customers.
  • Legal enforce-ability of property rights — Does owning tokens and asset-backed cryptocurrency confer ownership over the corresponding asset? In the event that the asset is inexistent, who is liable? How does the owner recover damages?
  • Technical infrastructure — There is a need to improve security and safety standards to make sure that asset-backed cryptocurrency is connected to its assets in the real world.

Read more on Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World Report

Benefits and Perspectives of asset-backed tokens

By joining the upsides of blockchain and traditional venture instruments, tokenisation can affect exchanges and speculation. The advantages of tokenization and asset-backed cryptocurrency are various and can be outlined as pursues:

  • Improves liquidity of assets like real estate
  • Allows fractional ownership
  • Permits the diversification of risk by owning parts of several assets
  • Alleviates territorial and temporal barriers
  • Allows newer models for raising capital
  • Allows more control, and even the ability to choose the level of control over an investment with implemented digital democracy
  • Decreases the number of intermediaries, and therefore the amount of fees
  • Unlocks liquidity premium

Read more on How to earn free cryptocurrency (without investing or mining)

As the digital currency advertise keeps on advancing, develop, and expanding, asset-backed cryptocurrency and tokens will be the portal to more extensive applications.

The Economics of Cryptocurrencies

The Economics of Cryptocurrencies

Let’ explore some of the factors that affect the price movements of a cryptocurrency. We have identified the main factors which affect the cryptocurrency price (but there are many more other)

  • Supply & Demand
  • Utility
  • Market Sentiment
  • Mining Difficulty

Supply & Demand

Supply and demand is a fundamental factor that affects the price of a cryptocurrency (and the price of any type of market). Bitcoin is the most well-known, and therefore, the most sought-after cryptocurrency. With a circulating supply of 16.7 million coins, the number of bitcoins available is quite low when compared to altcoins.

Circulating supply of the top ten cryptocurrencies according to coinmarketcap
Source: Coinmarketcap

This low supply, when weighed against the staggering demand Bitcoin has seen in the past few months, is believed, by some, to be the reason for Bitcoin’s surge in price.

Utility

Utility = the usefulness of a cryptocurrency. The more useful a cryptocurrency is, the more likely it is to be perceived as valuable, and therefore, the more likely it is to be bought.

Let’s take Ethereum as an example! People believe it is useful because of the platform that it provides in allowing people to build decentralized applications on top of. This novel use of blockchain technology as a sort of app store, as opposed to a medium of exchange, has been perceived by some to be very useful. And so, Ethereum can be said to have high utility and therefore be seen as valuable.

Market Sentiment

As a cryptocurrency trader, it is likely that you will switch between multiple positions at a high frequency. Therefore, it becomes key that any position you take is well researched and has a positive market sentiment surrounding it.

Read more on Where Is the Cryptocurrency Industry Headed in 2019?

It is important to research any project you intend investing and to read recent articles on that cryptocurrency. If you invest in a cryptocurrency that has had no real coverage, it is likely that your position will stagnate, or even worse, to decline in value.

Getting a clear view of the sentiment surrounding a cryptocurrency allows you to filter the useless cryptocurrencies and focus on active projects capable of growth.

Mining Difficulty

Mining difficulty = a measure of how hard it is to be the next person that gets to add a block to the blockchain, and receive the reward for doing so.

Read more on Mining Cryptocurrency: Crypto Mining Business Model Used Worldwide

A lower mining difficulty indicates that a cryptocurrency is easy to mine; this results in an increase in the rate of supply, and therefore, downward pressure on its price.

Conversely, a higher mining difficulty suggests that a cryptocurrency is harder to mine. This results in supply growing at a slower rate, therefore resulting in upward pressure on the price.

Cryptocurrency Regulation Around the World Report

Cryptocurrency Regulation Around the World Report

This report surveys the legal and policy landscape surrounding cryptocurrency regulation around the world. This report covers 130 countries as well as some regional organizations that have issued laws or policies on the subject.

After analysing how various jurisdictions, it would be possible to identify emerging patterns, as this report is trying to describe. The country surveys are also organized regionally to allow for region-specific comparisons.

The terminology used to describe cryptocurrency

One first aspect the report has revealed is the variety and fluidity of the terminology used to describe cryptocurrency.

Read more on The differences between cryptocurrency coins and tokens

Some of the terms used by countries to reference cryptocurrency include: digital currency (Argentina, Thailand, and Australia), virtual commodity (Canada, China, Taiwan), crypto-token (Germany), payment token (Switzerland), cyber currency (Italy and Lebanon), electronic currency (Colombia and Lebanon), and virtual asset (Honduras and Mexico).

Cryptocurrency regulation: Cryptocurrency warnings and approach

One common action was identified across the surveyed jurisdictions: the government-issued notices about the pitfalls of investing in the cryptocurrency markets.  Such warnings, mostly issued by central banks, are designed to educate people about the difference between actual currencies, which are issued and guaranteed by the state, and cryptocurrencies, which are not.

Most government warnings include the following: the investment risk resulting from the high volatility, many of the organizations that facilitate such transactions are unregulated, investing is done as a personal risk and some even add that cryptocurrency was created for illegal activities, such as money laundering and terrorism.

Read more on What is cryptocurrency and why do we need it?

Some of the countries surveyed go beyond simply warning the public and have expanded their laws on money laundering, counterterrorism, and organized crimes to include cryptocurrency markets, and require banks and other financial institutions to ban or limit any type of activity that cannot be tolerated under such laws.

For instance, Australia, Canada, and the Isle of Man recently enacted laws to bring cryptocurrency transactions and institutions that facilitate them under the ambit of money laundering and counter-terrorist financing laws.

Some countries (Algeria, Bolivia, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam) ban any and all activities involving cryptocurrencies. Qatar and Bahrain have a slightly different approach in that they forbid their citizens from engaging in any kind of activities involving cryptocurrencies locally but allow citizens to do so outside their borders.

Other countries are indirectly imposing restrictions, by restricting cryptocurrency transactions of the financial institutions (Bangladesh, Iran, Thailand, Lithuania, Lesotho, China, and Colombia).

Cryptocurrency regulation: ICOs

Cryptocurrency regulation is not the only concern for some. Only a limited number of countries surveyed regulate initial coin offerings (ICOs). Some of these countries ban ICOs altogether (mainly China, Macau, and Pakistan), while most tend to focus on regulating them.

For the rest of the countries that do address ICOs, its regulations depend on how an ICO is categorized. For instance, in New Zealand,  particular obligations may apply depending on whether the token offered is categorized as a debt security, equity security, managed investment product, or derivative.  In the Netherlands, the rules applicable to a specific ICO depend on whether the token offered is considered a security or a unit in a collective investment, an assessment made on a case-by-case basis.

Read more on How to earn free cryptocurrency (without investing or mining)

Cryptocurrency regulation: Blockchain technology

Some of the jurisdiction surveyed for this report, while not recognizing cryptocurrencies as legal tender, see potential in the blockchain technology behind it and are developing a cryptocurrency-friendly regulatory regime as a means to attract investment in technology companies that excel in this sector. In this class are countries like Spain, Belarus, the Cayman Islands, and Luxemburg.

Read more on Blockchain technology used in non-cryptocurrency applications

Some jurisdictions are seeking to develop their own system of cryptocurrencies.  This category includes a diverse list of countries, such as the Marshall Islands, Venezuela, the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) member states, and Lithuania.

Belgium, South Africa, and the United Kingdom stated that the size of the cryptocurrency market is too small to be cause for sufficient concern to warrant regulation but have issued warnings to the public about the pitfalls of such investments.

Cryptocurrency regulation: Cryptocurrency taxation

The challenge appears to be how to categorize cryptocurrencies and the specific activities involving them for purposes of taxation.

Transactions must first get classified either as income or capital gains to determine the applicable type of tax.

Read more on Top countries where cryptocurrency is legal

The surveyed countries have categorized cryptocurrencies differently for tax purposes, as illustrated by the following examples:

Israel taxed as asset
Bulgaria taxed as financial asset
Switzerland taxed as foreign currency
Argentina & Spain   subject to income tax
Denmark subject to income tax and losses are deductible
United Kingdom: corporations pay corporate tax, unincorporated businesses pay income tax, individuals pay capital gains tax

Mainly due to a 2015 decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), gains in cryptocurrency investments are not subject to value added tax in the European Union Member States.

Cryptocurrency mining is exempt from taxation in most surveyed countries. However, in Russia mining that exceeds a certain energy consumption threshold is taxable.

Cryptocurrency regulation: Cryptocurrency payments

In a small number of jurisdictions, cryptocurrency regulation permits cryptocurrencies as a means of payment.

Read more on What Can You Buy Using Cryptocurrency?

In the Swiss Cantons of Zug and a municipality within Ticino, cryptocurrencies are accepted as a means of payment even by government agencies. The Isle of Man and Mexico also permit the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment along with their national currency.  Much like governments around the world that fund various projects by selling government bonds, the government of Antigua and Barbuda allows the funding of projects and charities through government-supported ICOs.